Hidden Figures Topic Gallery

Recent education research has suggested that explicitly discussing women’s underrepresentation in science and math can positively affect female students' interest in a career in these subjects. There are reasons to think that the same might be true for other underrepresented groups. History can provide teachers with many examples of individuals who fought against the prejudices of their society in order to pursue the study of math and science. These “hidden figures” rarely appear in textbooks, but they can be a valuable resource for a teacher willing to do a little historical research.

The topic gallery below includes resources for getting started researching several "hidden figures." For help finding more, see: Resources for Identifying More "Hidden Figures" in STEM History

Katherine Johnson, computer for NASA

Johnson was part of a group of African American women mathematicians who worked as “computers” during the early days of NASA...

Elmer Imes and infrared spectroscopy

The second African American to earn a PhD in physics, Imes’ work in infrared spectroscopy pinpointed the distances between atoms in molecules and helped verify quantum theory...

Lubna of Córdoba, scholar

Little is known about Lubna (or Labana) of Córdoba, but the fragmentary sources historians do have illuminate the forgotten role of Muslim women in mathematics and science...

Mary Agnes Chase, feminist and botanist

Sophie Germain, pioneer in elasticity and number theory

Germain’s lifetime of contributions to mathematics ranged from elasticity theory to a new approach to Fermat’s Last Theorem––but as a woman, she had been barred from studying at the École Polytechnique...

Ynes Mexia, plant explorer

Mexia found her calling late in life, but her contributions to botany are impressive...

Carlos Finlay and the Yellow Fever vector

Cuban Doctor Carlos Finlay successfully identified mosquitos as the vector for the transmission of deadly Yellow Fever...

Emmy Noether and a revolution in algebra

Noether was recognized as one of the most important mathematicians of her time, but, as a Jewish woman, the Nazi’s rise to power forced her from her (already precarious) university position in Germany...

Percy Lavon Julian and synthetic chemistry

The grandson of slaves, Julian fought against a racist society to become a leading American chemist...

Maria Sibylla Merian and butterfly metamorphosis

Although long portrayed as merely an illustrator, Merian’s close observation of the ecology and life cycles of insects influenced later naturalists...